Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear

The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is a large strong ligament attached inferiorly to the superior aspect of the tibia on its anterior side. Superiorly it is attached to the medial surface of the lateral femoral condyle posterior to the intracondylar notch.

There are two portions: anteromedial and posterolateral.

Mechanism of injury

The anterior cruciate ligament is most commonly torn as a result of a rotational injury. The injury is usually caused by changes of direction although external forces, e.g. a tackle, may also give rise to the injury. Typical sports which cause ACL injuries are rugby, soccer and hockey. Ligament problems also occur in sports where jumping is important. The knee often undergoes a rotational trauma on landing e.g. netball and basketball.